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home edited {100978_1210456691[1].gif} == Welcome to my MIS course ==

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Welcome to my MIS course
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Data Resource Management edited A New Direction for Data Resource Management What is the future for data resource management?…

A New Direction for Data Resource Management
What is the future for data resource management? Considering the past practices and the current data resource situation in most public and private sector organizations, is a new direction needed for developing and managing the data resource? Is a new orientation toward improved data resource quality and increased business support needed?
Data administration has not been an effective way to manage an organization's data resource. People have tried to administer the data with an orientation toward the data, rather than towards support of the business. Many organizations have been, and still are, oriented toward the technology aspect of information technology by trying every new technology that comes along hoping that it will help them administer the data and provide better business support. They are looking for that elusive silver bullet and are sacrificing future business support for current needs.
A new direction is needed that focuses on managing data as a critical resource of the organization to directly support its business activities. The data resource must be managed with the same intensity and formality that other critical resources are managed. Organizations must emphasize the information aspect of information technology, determine the data needed to support the business, and then use appropriate technology to build and maintain a high-quality data resource that provides that support. In other words, organizations must manage data as a resource rather than administer the data.
Data Resource Quality
Data resource quality is a measure of how well the organization's data resource supports the current and the future business information demand of the organization. The data resource cannot support just the current business information demand while sacrificing the future business information demand. It must support both the current and the future business information demand. The ultimate data resource quality is stability across changing business needs and changing technology. This stability across change is the ideal that provides the foundation organizations need to become an intelligent learning organization--an i-organization.
A high-quality data resource can only be achieved by developing a comparate data resource where the data are alike in kind, quality, and character, and are without defect. They are concordant, homogeneous, nearly flawless, nearly perfect, high-quality data. The data are easily identified and thoroughly understood, readily accessed and shared, and utilized to their fullest potential.Ref. :-
http://www.tdan.com/view-featured-columns/5440

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Wireless Revolution edited The Wireless Revolution In just a few years from now, more people will be accessing the Internet…

The Wireless Revolution
In just a few years from now, more people will be accessing the Internet through wireless devices than through the use of wired computers at home or the office. The flexibility, convenience and sophistication of wireless technology is great for consumers. But finding skilled wireless workers to design build and maintain all this new technology is a real problem for employers attempting to surf the wireless wave.
Wireless is where it's at
The wireless industry is booming because wireless technology is the ideal way to connect to the Internet. Consumers are checking stock quotes and email, buying movie tickets, making reservations for dinner and scheduling drinks afterwards, all from their wireless devices, and all without talking.
Yes, you can still talk on these phones. But the new generation of wireless phones has computer capabilities which cell phones do not possess. A small keyboard, a larger computer display screen, and a built-in web browser are standard on many of today's wireless "devices."
This technology is being driven in part by marketing, which is telling consumers they can do or get anything from their wireless devices. In Japan, consumers actually walk up to vending machines, input information into their phones, and the machine in front of them pops out a soft drink. Or imagine walking down the street, tired from shopping, and your wireless phone automatically alerts you to a relaxing corner coffee shop where you can rest your feet and get your thoughts together.
Features such as these have created a boom in customer demand for wireless services. Plus, wireless systems must still handle the large amount of voice traffic that consumers will still be generating. As more and more new wireless applications are developed, more and more information is being piled on the wireless systems.
Ref. :-
http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/career/employers_tough.html

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IT infrastructure edited IT Infrastructure Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for t…

IT Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function. The term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as roads, water supply, sewers, power grids, telecommunications, and so forth. Viewed functionally, infrastructure facilitates the production of goods and services; for example, roads enable the transport of raw materials to a factory, and also for the distribution of finished products to markets. In some contexts, the term may also include basic social services such as schools and hospitals In military parlance, the term refers to the buildings and permanent installations necessary for the support, redeployment, and operation of military forces.
Types of infrastructure
The following list is limited to capital assets that serve the function of conveyance or channelling of people, vehicles, fluids, energy or information, and which take the form either of a network or of a critical node used by vehicles, or used for the transmission of electro-magnetic waves. Infrastructure systems include both the fixed assets and the control systems and software required to operate, manage and monitor the systems, as well as any accessory buildings, plants or vehicles that are an essential part of the system.
Transportation infrastructure
Road and highway networks, including structures (bridges, tunnels, culverts, retaining walls), signage and markings, electrical systems (street lighting and traffic lights) and edge treatments (curbs, sidewalks, landscaping)
Railways, including structures, terminal facilities (railyards, train stations), level crossings, signalling and communications systems
Canals and navigable waterways requiring continuous maintenance (dredging, etc.)
Airports, including air navigational systems
Mass transit systems (Commuter rail systems, subways, tramways, trolleys and bus terminals)
Bicycle paths and pedestrian walkways
Energy infrastructure
Electrical power network, including generation plants, electric grid, substations and local distribution
Natural gas pipelines, storage and distribution terminals, as well as the local distribution network
Petroleum pipelines, including associated storage and distribution terminals
Steam or hot water production and distribution networks for district heating systems
Water management infrastructure
Drinking water supply, including the system of pipes, pumps, valves, filtration and treatment equipment and meters, including buildings and structures to house the equipment, used for the collection, treatment and distribution of drinking water
Sewage collection and disposal
Drainage systems (storm sewers, ditches, etc..)
Major irrigation systems (reservoirs, irrigation canals)
Major flood control systems (dikes, levees, major pumping stations and floodgates)
Communications infrastructure
Telephone networks (land lines) including switching systems
Mobile phone networks
Cable television networks including receiving stations and cable distribution networks
Internet backbone, including high-speed data cables, routers and servers as well as the protocols and other basic software required for the system to function
Communication satellites
Undersea cables
Major private, government or dedicated telecommunications networks, such as those used for internal communication and monitoring by major infrastructure companies, by governments, by the military or by emergency services
Pneumatic tube mail distribution networks
Waste management facilities
Solid waste landfills
Solid waste incinerators
Hazardous waste disposal facilities;
Earth monitoring and measurement networks
Meteorological monitoring networks
Tidal monitoring networks
Stream Gauge or fluviometric monitoring networks
Seismometer networks
Remote sensing satellites
Geodetic benchmarks
Global Positioning System
Note that certain systems or facilities that are similar to infrastructure are not included in this list because they are essentially services performed by people (commuter bus services, garbage collection services, emergency services) or they are facilities that are not necessarily part of or in the form of a network (parks, sports facilities), or they are essentially privately-owned industrial plants that do not necessarily depend on a fixed distribution network (oil refineries). However solid waste disposal facilities were included because they are often the critical nodal points of a network-like public service (garbage collection), and are usually publicly owned or heavily regulated. Telecommunication systems are included if their function is limited to the conveyance of information (telephone system), but not if their function includes supplying the content of that information (TV or radio networks).
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure

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E_business edited Electronic business How important is the e-business in today's world and how do you think it eff…

Electronic business
How important is the e-business in today's world and how do you think it effects decision making in business? In today's world e-business is extremely important for many reasons. Some of which is due to the fact it can speed the whole process of ordering etc. up. This then means that the lead time can be decreased because the ordering of products can be done much more quickly, particularly because the Internet is a fast running wide area network. However, despite this, the question should be asked, what does e-business mean? E-business actually means: Better procurement and supply chain, making sales teams more effective, the ability to outsource functions such as accounting, remote access to systems, linking management teams in different locations, being able to locate the lowest cost supplier, improve customer services, improved collection of customer information for databases and more effective management of remote manufacturing sites.
Electronic business, commonly referred to as "e-Business" or "e-business", may be defined as the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in support of all the activities of business. Commerce constitutes the exchange of products and services between businesses, groups and individuals and can be seen as one of the essential activities of any business. Electronic commerce focuses on the use of ICT to enable the external activities and relationships of the business with individuals, groups and other businesses
E-Business, therefore, can include the following:
· Internet-based companies that operate wholly through the Internet to conduct their business. Examples are eBay and Amazon.
· Companies that combine traditional business formats with information on the business provided via the Internet: for example, IKEA.
· Companies that combine traditional business formats with the opportunity of buying online. Examples include Marks & Spencer, John Lewis, HMV, Tesco and Argos.
· Companies that collect information on customer profiles and markets and sell this information to interested parties for example Experian and Mintel.
· Any device used to facilitate exchange, such as 'Chip and Pin' technology, automatic ticketing, electronic ticketing, credit card transactions and so on.
· Business to business (B2B) activity.
· Using the opportunities that IT presents to improve the flexibility of working patterns
Advantages of e-Business
There are a number of benefits to e-business but in thinking about these benefits it is essential that we make the link back to our definition of marketing in order for the benefits to be fully understood.
The benefits can be summarized as:
· The opportunity to reduce costs of production by reducing overheads - for example, not having a retail outlet in a busy high street location with high rents, reducing stock costs etc
· The opportunity to increase sales
· The opportunity to access new markets across the globe
· The chance to target market segments more effectively
· Provide more accurate information and improve customer service experience
· Improves the efficiency of the supply chain
· Improve employee motivation through more flexible working methods
· Provides convenience and comfort for customers
Disadvantages of E-Business
The main disadvantage of e-business is the lack of growth in some sectors on account of product or sector limitations. The food sector has not benefited in terms of growth of sales and consequent revenue generation because of a number of practical reasons like food products being perishable items. Consumers do not look for food products on the Internet since they prefer going to the supermarket to buy the necessary items as and when the need arises.
Costly E-Business Solutions for Optimization: Substantial resources are required for redefining product lines in order to sell online. Upgrading computer systems, training personnel, and updating websites requires substantial resources. Moreover, Electronic Data Management (EDM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) necessary for ensuring optimal internal business processes may be looked upon, by some firms, as one of the disadvantages of e-business.
References:-
http://www.coursework.info/AS_and_A_Level/Business_Studies/ICT_in_Business/How_important_is_the_e-business_in_today_L32009.html
http://www.bized.co.uk/educators/16-19/business/marketing/lesson/ebusiness1.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_business

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SLCD edited What is the SDLC? The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), or Software Development Life Cycle i…

What is the SDLC?
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), or Software Development Life Cycle in systems engineering and software engineering, is the process of creating or altering systems, and the models and methodologies that people use to develop these systems. The concept generally refers to computer or information systems.
Strengths of SDLC
1)Methodologies incorporating this approach have been well tried and tested
2) Divides development into distinct phases:
· Offers opportunity for more control over development process
· Makes tasks more manageable
3) Provides standards for documentation
4) Much better than trial and error
Weaknesses of SDLC
1) Fails to see the “big picture” of strategic management
2) Too inflexible to cope with changing requirements
3) Emphasis on “hard” thinking (which is often reflected in documentation that is too technical)
4) Unable to capture true needs of users
Phases of SDLC:-
Planning Phase
During this phase, a plan is developed that documents the approach to be used and includes a discussion of methods, tools, tasks, resources, project schedules, and user input. Personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, and target dates are established. A Project Management Plan is created with components related to acquisition planning, configuration management planning, quality assurance planning, concept of operations, system security, verification and validation, and systems engineering management planning.
Requirements Analysis Phase
This phase formally defines the detailed functional user requirements using high-level requirements identified in the Initiation, System Concept, and Planning phases. It also delineates the requirements in terms of data, system performance, security, and maintainability requirements for the system. The requirements are defined in this phase to a level of detail sufficient for systems design to proceed. They need to be measurable, testable, and relate to the business need or opportunity identified in the Initiation Phase. The requirements that will be used to determine acceptance of the system are captured in the Test and Evaluation Master Plan.
The purposes of this phase are to:
· Further define and refine the functional and data requirements and document them in the Requirements Document.
· Complete business process reengineering of the functions to be supported, e.g., verify what information drives the business process, what information is generated, who generates it, where does the information go, and who processes it.
· Develop detailed data and process models including system inputs and outputs.
· Develop the test and evaluation requirements that will be used to determine acceptable system performance.
Design Phase
During this phase, the system is designed to satisfy the functional requirements identified in the previous phase. Since problems in the design phase can be very expensive to solve in later stages of the software development, a variety of elements are considered in the design to mitigate risk.
These include:
· Identifying potential risks and defining mitigating design features.
· Performing a security risk assessment.
· Developing a conversion plan to migrate current data to the new system.
· Determining the operating environment.
· Defining major subsystems and their inputs and outputs.
· Allocating processes to resources.
· Preparing detailed logic specifications for each software module.
Implementation Phase
This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended business functions. System performance is compared to performance objectives established during the planning phase. Implementation includes user notification, user training, installation of hardware, installation of software onto production computers, and integration of the system into daily work processes.
Operations and Maintenance Phase
The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued performance in accordance with user requirements and needed system modifications are incorporated. Operations continue as long as the system responds to the organization’s needs. When modifications are identified, the system may reenter the planning phase. The purpose of this phase is to:
· Operate, maintain, and enhance the system.
· Certify that the system can process sensitive information.
· Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional requirements continue to be satisfied.
· Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or retired.
Of these 5 the most important phase is planning. Without proper planning all the rest of the phases will not be executed properly.
Development is also an important phase. If you can properly execute planning and development, then the Implementation and Maintenance phases are a piece of cake.
So planning and development are the most important phases of the SDLC.
References:-
http://doit.maryland.gov/policies/Pages/sdlc.aspx
http://www.justanswer.com/questions/2fkv-which-phases-are-important-in-the-sdlc-process
http://www.ffiec.gov/ffiecinfobase/booklets/d_a/08.html

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